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Other Information regarding Interviews
How to Prepare and Practice

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Dining, Second, Advanced Interviewing
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Screening Interviews
Screening/initial interviews are designed to reduce a large number of applicants to a small number of qualified applicants the employer would like to continue with the hiring process. As I mentioned before, on-campus interviews are typically screening interviews.

Screening interviews typically last 20 - 40 minutes but can last longer, so don't depend on that time limit. During the screening interview, you will be asked many questions about your background to see if you should progress to the next step. If you make it to the second interview, it's a good sign that the company has thought seriously about hiring you.

On-Campus Interviews
(through Aggie Job Link)
With Aggie Job Link - On Campus Recruiting (OCR), recruiters from different ogranizations conduct on-campus interviews for entry-level career positions with UC Davis graduating seniors, graduate students and postdoctoral scholars, and alumni. All on-campus interviews are conducted in the interview rooms at the Buehler Alumni Center. These sessions last anywhere from 20 minutes to an hour.

The on-campus interview may be conducted by a human resources representative, department or division manager, or an employee working in the position being considered. It is very common for companies to send recent UC Davis graduates working for their firm to conduct the interview.

Like most first interviews, the purpose of campus interviews is usually to screen potential employees. Because of this, it is very important to prepare for campus interviews as you would for other interviews. Your performance and appearance will determine if you will continue in the selection process. If you pass this stage, you will more than likely be invited to a second on-site interview.

Telephone Interviews
Increasingly, telephone interviews are being used as a screening technique. If a candidate passes this stage, they are usually invited to an on-site interview. Telephone interviews are usually used by empoyers located in other parts of the country that don't have the time or budget to meet face-to-face with each candidate during the preliminary stages of the selection process. Please note that telephone interviews are increasing in popularity with local companies as well.

Overcoming Disadvantages to Telephone Interviews
Disadvantage Solution

During phone interviews, you cannot use non-verbal cues like smiling or nodding to assist in the interpretation of your responses.

Remember that almost anything can be ministerpreted. If you're in doubt about the meaning or intent of a question, ask for clarification, and always think out your response before you answer. Conversely, if you feel you have not clearly communicated your thoughts, try again until you are sure your message has been correctly received.

It is often difficult to communicate professionalism, warmth, and enthusiasm.

The key to sounding professional is "being" professional. Do whatever it takes to "be" professional. Some peole dress in business attire for phone interviews. Others have placed large mirrors in front of them during the interview to remind them to smile. The appearance of a smile can not be communicated through a telephone, but a friendly, smiling attitude can most definitely be heard.


Here are some tips that can help you get through a successful phone interview.

  • If you are using a cellular or cordless phone, make sure it is charged.
  • If you have roommates, make sure they know what is going on and keep background sounds to a minimum.
  • Prepare a written script or jot down key points you want to make on index cards. Practice what you want to say so your delivery will sound smooth and natural.
  • Rehearse with a tape recorder. This is a very good step because many people are surprised at how they actually sound. Believe it or not, you can pick up on nervousness, excitement, enthusiasm, and a multitude of other emotions through the sound of your voice. Once you've gone through a couple, walk away from it for a couple hours (or even a day) then come back to it and listen again. This helps you clear your head and get a fresh start and may help you "pick up" on things you missed before. Also, since emotions can be detected, smile often during your conversation.
  • Keep a copy of your resume, cover letter, and job announcement near you.
  • Remember that you are talking to a potential employer, not chatting with a friend. Be professional, courteous, and above all, pleasant. Don't ramble and always present the best of your qualifications and background.

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On-Site Interview
While on-campus screening interviews are important, on-site visits are where jobs are won or lost. After an on-campus interview, strong candidates are usually invited to visit the employer's facility. Work with the employer to schedule the on-site visit at a mutually convenient time. Sometimes employers will try to arrange site visits for several candidates to take place at the same time, so there may not be much flexibility... but you'll never know if the employer is flexible unless you ask.
  • An invitation to an on-site interview, often referred to as the "plant trip," is NOT a guarantee of a job offer. It is a chance to examine whether or not you will be a good match for the job and for the organization.
  • Notification of a plant trip may be by telephone or mail. Respond promptly if you are sincerely interested in this employer. Decline politely if you are not. Never go on a plant trip for the sake of the trip. Document the name and phone number of the person coordinating your trip. Verify who will be handling trip expenses. Most medium- and large-size companies (as well as many smaller ones) will pay your expenses, but others will not. This is very important, because expenses are handled in various ways: 1) the employer may handle all expenses and travel arrangements; 2) you handle your expenses and arrangements (the employer may assist with this), and the employer will reimburse you later; 3) the employer may offer an on-site interview, but will not pay for your interview.
  • Know yourself and the type of job you are seeking with this employer. Don't say, "I am willing to consider anything you have."
  • Thoroughly research the potential employer. Read annual reports, newspaper articles, trade journals, etc. Many companies have their own homepage, where you can read its mission statement, find out about its long-term goals, read recent press releases, and view corporate photos. Don't limit your research only to company-controlled information. The World Wide Web can be a valuable investigative tool. You may uncover key information that may influence-positively or negatively-your decision to pursue employment with a given organization.
  • Bring extra copies of your resume; copies of any paperwork you may have forwarded to the employer; names, addresses, phone numbers and e-mail addresses of your references; an updated college transcript; a copy of your best paper as a writing sample; a notebook; a black and/or blue pen for filling out forms and applications; and names and addresses of past employers.
  • Bring extra money and a change of clothes. Also, have the names and phone numbers of those who may be meeting you in case your plans change unexpectedly. Anything can happen and you need to be ready for emergencies.
  • Your role at the interview is to respond to questions, to ask your own questions and to observe. Be ready to meet people who are not part of your formal agenda. Be courteous to everyone regardless of his or her position; you never know who might be watching you and your actions once you arrive in town.
  • Don't forget your table manners. Plant trips may include several meals or attendance at a reception the night before your "big day." When ordering food at a restaurant, follow the lead of the employer host. For example, don't order the three-pound lobster if everyone else is having a more moderately priced entree. If you have the "dining jitters," some authorities suggest ordering food that is easy to handle, such as a boneless fish fillet or chicken breast.
  • Many employers have a set salary range for entry-level positions and others are more negotiable. Though salary should not be brought up until an offer is extended, it is wise to know your worth in advance. Contact your campus career center to obtain more information on salaries. According to Jay Wheeler, manager of university relations and staffing for Halliburton, "Students have been working on perfecting their product for a number of years and should know what kind of product they've created and what the company is willing to buy."
  • Soon after the site visit, record your impressions of your performance. Review the business cards of those you met or write the information in your notebook before leaving the facility. You should have the names, titles, addresses and phone numbers of everyone who was involved in your interview so you can determine which individuals you may want to contact with additional questions or follow-up information. A thank you letter should be written to the person(s) who will be making the hiring decision. Stay in touch with the employer if you want to pursue a career with them.
  • Also remember that site interviews are much longer in length - often the whole day. If you are planning multiple interviews, this is a very important piece of information.

A site visit is a two-way street. You are there to evaluate the employer and to determine if your expectations are met for job content, company culture and values, organizational structure, and lifestyles (both at work and leisure). Take note of how the employees interact, and also assess the physical work environment.

Just as any good salesperson would never leave a customer without attempting to close the sale, you should never leave an interview without some sort of closure. If you decide that the job is right for you, don't be afraid to tell the employer that you feel that there is a good fit and you are eager to join their team. The employer is interested in hiring people who want to be associated with them and they will never know of your interest if you don't voice your opinion. Keep in mind that although the employer has the final power to offer a job, your demeanor during the entire interviewing process-both on and off campus-also gives you a great deal of power.


Serial interviews
This is a series of interviews where the candidate moves from person to person.  A typical interview might start with Human Resources, and then move to the hiring manager, the work team, etc.  Some serial interviews can last the entire day so it is always a good idea to find out how long you will be expected to be at the interview when the human resources representative initially contacts you.

Video Conference Interviews
More and more companies and organizations are using video interviewing as a pre-screening tool. This process is used primarily for cross-country pre-selection by companies looking for cost-effective ways to recruit. As with telephone interviews, this process is becoming increasingly popular with local companies.

There are usually two types of video conference interviews: Those handled by independent vendors, or those done in branch offices.

For interviews held by independent vendors, you will be asked to report to a vendor office that specializes in contracting out video conference services. The facilities and technology are usally elaborate, and your interviewer will more than likely be a "professional interviewer" who will ask pre-determined questions. The video tape will then be turned over to the organization interested in you.

If you are asked to report to a branch office, chances are the facilities will be less elaborate than a professional independent vendor. The video conference equipment may consist of a PC, a slow scan camera and a microphone. In this setting, you will usually be interviewed by someone in the company's human resources department or another staff member.

In either case, video conference interviews present more of a challenge than telephone interviews. Be prepared to make a special effort to ensure your enthusiasm and warmth are projected to the interviewers because of this.

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Interview Size/Variation
Interviews may also vary in size. Here are some common types of interviews you may encounter:

Individual: One interviewer, one interviewee. This is usually done with someone who has hiring authority in the company.

Panel: Multiple interviewers, one interviewee. The panel may be as small as two people or as large as necesary (I've heard of panels up to 15 people). This can be rather daunting for the person in the hot seat. If you're like me, you're probably too focused on the interview to remember names when introduced (especially to a panel). A good idea to help you remember all the names of the panel interviewers is to ask for business cards before the questions begin. That way you can lay them out in order and you will always know who is speaking to you. If you don't have a table to lay them out, you can still keep them in order. Collecting business cards will also help you when you send thank-you letters after the interview.

Group
: Often times when a company/organization receives a large number of applicants, they will interview whole groups. Each interviewer is assigned different group members to assess. You may never know who your assessor is, so you have to "shine" in front of all of the interviewers.

Something else to consider for group interviews is that the group is often given a group project. When it comes to group projects, it is important to remember that the project must be completed. Often times, it's an all or nothing type situation where if the project isn't completed, the entire group fails the interview. This could be your time to shine as a leader and make sure everybody is kept on track. This also helps if the group doesn't complete the project because the people weren't cohesive enough. Since you have no control over the selection of group members, if you were included in a bad group but you genuinely tried to hold it together, the assessors may take that into consideration.

Group Panel: This is basically a combination of panels and groups. You may or may not be given a group project, but you will be assessed by a large number of people (Capital Fellowship interviews often use this format). What is especially daunting about this is that they will ask the entire group the same question, so if you are last in line, you may hear some really good responses before it's your turn. If that's the case, you STILL have to come up with something original.



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